Lynton and Lynmouth Cliff Railway
The Lynton and Lynmouth Cliff Railway is a water-powered funicular railway joining the twin towns of Lynton and Lynmouth on the rugged coast of North Devon.
Contents
Origins
The high cliffs separating the two towns (then villages) were a major obstacle to economic development in the 19th century. Because of the remoteness of the area, and rugged geography, villagers had to rely on the sea for most deliveries of coal, lime, foodstuffs and other essentials, which had then to be carried by packhorses and carts up the steep hill to Lynton.
The cliffs also posed problems for the burgeoning tourist industry. Holiday makers began to arrive at Lynmouth on paddle steamers from Bristol, Swansea and other Bristol Channel ports, from about 1820. Ponies, donkeys and carriages were available for hire, but the steep gradients led to the animals having only short working lives.
The first proposals for a rail-based lift, able to carry passengers and goods, were made in 1881, although this first scheme was to have been steam powered.
Construction
The water-powered railway was designed by George Marks (later Baron Marks of Woolwich), and paid for mainly by publisher Sir George Newnes, (who owned a large residence at nearby Hollerday Hill, and who also backed the Lynton & Barnstaple Railway in 1898, and the Lynton Town Hall in 1900).
Construction work — relying entirely on manual labour — began in 1887 and was completed in less than three years.
Operations
Opened on Easter Monday in 1890, the railway has been in continuous use ever since. An Act of Parliament formed the Lynmouth & Lynton Lift Company in 1888, and a further Act gave the company perpetual rights to the water from the Lyn Valley.
The railway is now classified as a listed monument.
How it Works
The railway comprises two cars, each capable of transporting 40 passengers, joined by a continuous cable running around a 5ft 6in pulley at each end of the incline.
Water feeds through 5-inch pipes from the West Lynn River — over a mile away — into tanks under the floor of the upper car. Each car has a 700 gallon tank mounted between the wheels. Water is discharged from the lower car, until the heavier top car begins to descend, with the speed controlled by a brakeman travelling on each car.
The parallel tracks (which bow out at the centre point, to allow the cars to pass) rise 500 feet and are 862 feet long, giving the line a gradient of 1:1.75.
The car bodies can be removed to provide a flat bed to transport larger freight items, and early motor cars were carried up the hill in this way.
See also
- Other local railway attractions
- List of funiculars in the United Kingdom
External links
References
J Travis: An Illustrated History of Lynton and Lynmouth 1770-1914 Breedon Books, 1995. ISBN 1-85983-023-4
J Travis: Lynton and Lynmouth, Glimpses of the Past, Breedon books, 1997 ISBN 1-85983-086-2
